Tailoring LLMs: A Guide to Fine-Tuning for Specific Tasks

Introduction: Why Fine-Tune Pretrained Models? In the realm of Natural Language Processing (NLP), Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT-3, BERT, and LLaMA have revolutionized the way machines understand and generate human language. However, while these models are trained on vast datasets, they might not always align perfectly with specific tasks or domains. This is where […]

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Idea Frontier

Idea Frontier #4: Enterprise Agentics, DaaS, Self-Improving LLMs

TL;DR — Edition #4 zeroes-in on three tectonic shifts for AI founders: Enterprise Agentics From demo bots to production AI 2024 gave us a flood of “toy” chatbots; 2025 is about enterprise-grade. There is a whole zoo of agent frameworks on the market, but Microsoft’s AutoGen, CrewAI, LangGraph and Semantic Kernel have all crossed the […]

Decoding Language: The Art of Tokenization and Embeddings

How machines learn to speak our language one token at a time. Imagine you’re trying to learn a new language say, Japanese. On your first day, you’re handed a paragraph in kanji. No spaces. No familiar letters. Just symbols. How do you even begin? That’s exactly how computers feel when we throw raw text at […]

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Idea Frontier

Idea Frontier #3: Biosignature Chemistry, Photonic Intelligence, Synthetic Scaling

Welcome to the third edition of Idea Frontier, where we explore paradigm-shifting ideas in STEM and business. In this issue, we examine three frontiers at the cutting edge of science and innovation: a breakthrough in detecting potential alien biochemistry, the rise of light-based AI computing, and the scaling of generative AI into biotechnology. Each topic […]

No more confusion about diffusion!

Diffusion models have become the dominant method of image generation in the last few years. But what are they? And how do they work? In this article, I will explain this intuitively and with some mathematics. This does require some mathematical and machine learning background, but I try here to abstract the complexity as much […]

Building Conversational AI: A Comprehensive Guide to Voice Assistants with LangChain

🔊 “What if your voice assistant could truly understand and converse, not just respond?” In the summer of 2023, I yelled at my computer: “Play my favorite song!” Instead, it read my calendar out loud. Frustrating, right? That mishap planted the seed: I needed a voice agent that truly listens and replies on my terms. […]

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Idea Frontier

Idea Frontier #2: Dynamic Tool Selection, Memory Engineering, and Planetary Computation

Welcome to the second edition of Idea Frontier, where we explore paradigm-shifting ideas at the nexus of STEM and business. In this issue, we dive into three frontiers: how AI agents are learning to smartly pick their tools (and why that matters for building more general intelligence), how new memory frameworks like Graphiti are giving […]

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AI and Society

The Dark Side of AI Companions: Persuasion, Power, and Peril

The idea of an AI companion—always available, endlessly attentive, and shockingly helpful—has captured our collective imagination. From OpenAI CEO Sam Altman’s reported effort to build a startup inspired by the movie Her, to daily interactions with tools like ChatGPT, we’re entering an era where AI is no longer just a tool—it’s a presence. But what […]

Hamilton in Action: Practical Use Cases for Modern Data Workflows

​In today’s fast-moving data world, teams need tools that help them build clean, easy-to-understand workflows. That’s where Hamilton comes in. It’s an open-source Python framework that makes data pipelines easier to write, test, and manage. Instead of juggling complex scripts or long chunks of code, Hamilton lets you break your logic into simple Python functions. […]

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Idea Frontier

Idea Frontier #1: Orchestrated Distributed Intelligence, Rhythmic Sharing, and Technofeudalism

Welcome to the first edition of Idea Frontier, a weekly newsletter that showcases 3 novel, paradigm-shifting ideas across AI, science, and business. I use multiple deep research agents to discover and curate big ideas that won’t show up in your social media feed. This week, we delve into three novel ideas: Orchestrated Distributed Intelligence (ODI), […]